Legend (Carnatic Notation)

There are 7 notes in carnatic music - they are s, r, g, m, p, d and n. These are also called sapthaswaras (saptha means seven , swaras mean notes). Every song has a shruthi (pitch) in which it is rendered. This shruthi is comprised of 3 notes - either s,p,s (for panchamam-based shruthi) or s,m,s for madhyamam-based shruthi. Interesting enough, amongst these 7 notes, the s and p do not have any variation. The other notes have either 2 or 3 variations. Given below are all possible variations for all the carnatic notes.

s - Shadjamam
r1 - Sudhdha Rishabam
r2 - Chatusruthi Rishabam
r3 - Shatsruthi Rishabam
g1 - Sudhdha Gaandhaaram
g2 - Saadhaarana Gaandhaaram
g3 - Anthara Gaandhaaram
m1 - Sundhdha Madhyamam
m2 - Prathi Madhyamam
p - Panchamam
d1 - Sudhdha Dhaivatham
d2 - Chatusruthi Dhaivatham
d3 - Shatsruthi Dhaivatham
n1 - Sudhdha Nishaadham
n2 - Kaisiki Nishaadham
n3 - Kaakali Nishaadham

Figure 1: Keyboard mappings for swaras (I am assuming that we will start 's' with 'C'; oru kattai).
When providing songs in carnatic notes, the current octave is specified as s, r, g, m, p, d, n (in lowercase letters). The notes in the next higher octave are depicted as S, R, G, M, P, D, N (in uppercase letters). The notes in the previous lower octave are depicted in lowercase letters with a '.' under the note.